Cool Semen Transport: Advancements in Equine Artificial Insemination |
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BREEDING WITH TRANSPORTED SEMEN Today's breeding technology provides horse owners more options than were available in the past. Artificial insemination and semen preservation techniques make it possible to ship stallion semen to mares nearly anywhere in the country. But success with transported semen will depend on the careful reproductive management of both stallion and mare. WHY SHIP SEMEN? Even under the best conditions, transporting horses long distances can be stressful and costly. Mares with foals are of special concern, since foals are particularly vulnerable to disease and injury when exposed to new horses and environments. Older or injured mares, or those requiring special care, may also benefit from staying closer to home during breeding season. The ability to ship cooled semen makes it possible for breeders to arrange matings that might otherwise be impractical due to distance, economics, or health. GOOD CANDIDATES Many--but not all--horses are good candidates for the use of cooled transported semen. Both mares and stallions should be in excellent reproductive health, since fertility problems tend to be compounded when transported semen is added to the breeding equation. With shipped semen, there is generally only one opportunity per cycle to breed a mare. Problem breeders may fare better at the stud farm, where they can be monitored and serviced at regular intervals throughout their heat cycles. Also be aware that not every stallion's semen cools or ships well. Therefore, it is critical for a stallion's sperm viability to be checked after a dose has been extended and cooled for 24 to 36 hours. This is generally the interval between collection and the time the transported semen is placed in the mare. If you are planning to raise a registered foal, be sure to check the association's rules regarding semen transport in advance and follow them. While registry acceptances are growing, not every breed registry permits the use of transported semen. INTENSIVE MANAGEMENT Breeding with cooled transported semen is more management-intensive than with on-site matings. Timing is critical. For the greatest chance of pregnancy, a mare must be bred from 12-24 hours before ovulation to up to six hours after ovulation. From a practical standpoint, however, once the mare has ovulated, it may be difficult to determine whether you are still within an acceptable time frame for fertility. Also, remember cooled stallion semen only has a shelf life of 24-48 hours. THE MARE Prior to breeding season, a mare should have a full reproductive examination. A uterine biopsy and culture may be indicated to get a clearer picture of the mare's overall reproductive health. During breeding season, the mare should be kept where she can be teased by a stallion on a regular basis in order to detect onset of estrus reliably. Once the mare comes into heat, your equine practitioner will need to predict the onset of ovulation accurately---allowing time for the semen shipment to arrive. The veterinarian will monitor the mare daily or every other day via rectal palpation and ultrasound throughout her heat cycle to determine the appropriate time to breed her. THE STALLION The stallion should also be evaluated for fertility prior to the breeding season. Semen should be tested by extending, cooling and storing it in the same way it will be handled for shipping. Commercial extenders have different formulations. The stallion manager or veterinarian may want to experiment to see which extenders promote the greatest viability. Proper handling is also important. Here are some considerations:
COMMUNICATION & COOPERATION Good communication between stallion and mare managers is essential. Coordinating semen shipments will take planning and cooperation. Most stallion managers plan collection schedules so as not to overtax a stallion's fertility or reproductive performance. Collections made 3-4 times per week will accommodate most cooled transported semen requirements without negatively affecting fertility, while allowing breeders to meet on-site demands as well. The mare should be on a regular teasing and examination schedule to reliably ascertain the proper time to breed. This will allow planning and timely shipment of cooled semen. Many overnight shipping services provide prompt, reliable deliveries and can reduce the need for last minute trips to the airport. COSTS Transporting semen may have some cost saving benefits. However, they can be offset by increased management costs. Additional costs may include:
CAVEATS Pregnancy rates with transported semen are somewhat lower than with on-the-farm breedings. This means it may take more than one cycle to get a mare successfully in foal. The mare owner absorbs the cost of additional semen shipments, veterinary procedures and mare care. A TEAM EFFORT Breeding with cooled transported semen is a team effort requiring the expertise of qualified professionals. The goal is to produce a healthy foal in the most efficient, effective way. To prevent disappointment, undue expense and loss of valuable time, you must do your part to ensure success.
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